Compare Arctic Ocean (2006) - Mayotte (2008)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2006) z Mayotte (2008)

	Arctic Ocean (2006)	Mayotte (2008)

Administrative divisions	-	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 45.8% (male 48,016/female 47,533) 15-64 years: 52.5% (male 59,111/female 50,437) 65 years and over: 1.8% (male 1,864/female 1,822) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra
Airports	-	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies	total: 374 sq km land: 374 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.	Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence.
Birth rate	-	40.35 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $420 million expenditures: $394 million (2005)
Capital	-	name: Mamoudzou geographic coordinates: 12 46 S, 45 13 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow	tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)
Coastline	45,389 km	185.2 km
Constitution	-	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	-	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte conventional short form: Mayotte
Death rate	-	7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	-	departmental collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)	claimed by Comoros
Economic aid - recipient	-	$201.3 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (2005)
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.	Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism.
Electricity - consumption	-	139.2 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Benara 660 m
Environment - current issues	endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack	NA
Ethnic groups	-	NA
Exchange rates	-	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Jean-Paul KIHL (since 17 January 2005) head of government: President of the General Council Said Omar OILI (since 8 April 2004) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term; next election to be held in 2010
Exports	-	$6.5 million f.o.b. (2005)
Exports - commodities	-	ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon
Exports - partners	-	France 43%, Comoros 36%, Reunion 15% (2006)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	-	unofficial, local flag with the coat of arms of Mayotte centered on a white field, above which the name of the island appears in red capital letters; the main elements of the coat of arms, flanked on either side by a seahorse, appear above a scroll with the motto RA HACHIRI (We are Vigilant); the only official flag is the national flag of France
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	90 00 N, 0 00 E	12 50 S, 45 10 E
Geography - note	major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months	part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$341 million f.o.b.; note - excludes petroleum imports (2005)
Imports - commodities	-	food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals
Imports - partners	-	France 49%, Seychelles 8.8%, China 4.1%, South Africa 2.8% (2006)
Independence	-	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 59.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 65.33 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1.7% (2005)
International organization participation	-	InOC, UPU
Irrigated land	-	NA
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	-	44,560 (2002)
Land boundaries	-	0 km
Land use	-	arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Languages	-	Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Legal system	-	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	-	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 21 and 28 March 2004 (next to be held in 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - MDM 23.3%, UMP 22.8%, PS 10.2%, MRC 8.9%, FRAP 6.5%, MPM 1.2%, other 27.1%; seats by party - MDM 6, UMP 9, MRC 2, MPM 1, diverse left 1 note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held in September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - UMP-RPR 55.1%, UDF 44.9%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 62.16 years male: 59.94 years female: 64.45 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Location	body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle	Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Map references	Arctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	-	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France; a small contingent of French forces is stationed on the island
National holiday	-	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	-	noun: Mahorais (singular and plural) adjective: Mahoran
Natural hazards	ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May	cyclones during rainy season
Natural resources	sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)	NEGL
Net migration rate	-	3.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or UMP-RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance for Democracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch of French Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	-	208,783 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	3.617% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001)
Religions	-	Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) 3%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.172 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.023 male(s)/female total population: 1.092 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications domestic: NA international: country code - 269; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros
Telephones - main lines in use	-	10,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	48,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	-	3 (2001)
Terrain	central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)	generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Total fertility rate	-	5.69 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Transportation - note	sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways	-
Unemployment rate	-	25.4% (2005)

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